Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

These three concepts (verifying identity, determining permissions, and tracking activity) form a genuine, foundational security framework — understanding the distinction between them clarifies many access-related support scenarios.

The Principle of Least Privilege

Granting a user only the access genuinely needed for their role, not broad access “just in case,” is a real, foundational security principle that reduces risk without requiring elaborate additional controls.

Multi-Factor Authentication

Requiring more than one form of verification (something you know, something you have, something you are) genuinely strengthens security beyond password protection alone — a technician should understand why and be able to explain this to customers.

Access Reviews and Removing Unnecessary Access

Access that’s no longer needed (a former employee’s account, an old shared credential) represents genuine, ongoing risk if not properly removed — a real, practical security task, not just a compliance formality.