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Write Excel IF formulas with true and false results, use text and number conditions, copy formulas down, combine IF with AND or OR, use nested IF and IFS, show blanks, and know when lookups are better.

Use XMATCH to return the position of a value in Excel, search exact wildcard approximate and reverse matches, compare XMATCH with MATCH, combine XMATCH with INDEX, fix #N/A errors, and avoid binary search on unsorted data.

Wrap text in Google Sheets cells columns or whole sheets, choose Wrap Overflow or Clip, resize rows to fit data, apply wrapping on mobile, undo wrapping, and understand when clipping or overflow is useful.

Use Excel TODAY to show the current date, calculate days since or days until dates, fix serial-number formatting, compare TODAY with NOW, refresh stale dates, insert static dates, and use TODAY in conditional formatting.

Use VLOOKUP to pull values from another Excel sheet or workbook, write sheet references correctly, search several sheets with nested IFERROR formulas, understand closed-workbook updates, and know when to consolidate data instead.

Use XLOOKUP in Excel to replace VLOOKUP, look left or right, return custom not-found messages, match on two criteria, use approximate match modes, fix #NAME and #N/A errors, and understand why inserted columns do not break it.

Use Excel Subtotal to add group totals and grand totals to sorted lists, create collapsible outlines, use the SUBTOTAL formula, remove subtotals, nest multiple subtotal levels, copy only visible rows, and choose function numbers.

Use Excel SWITCH to replace long nested IF chains for exact-value matches, create default results, use nested IF in older Excel, avoid range-comparison mistakes, compare SWITCH with IFS, and understand case-insensitive matching.

Use Excel TEXT to display dates numbers currency percentages and times inside text strings, apply format codes, combine formatted values with words, understand that TEXT returns text, test custom formats, and build dynamic status lines.

Use INDIRECT to turn text into Excel references, build cell references from another cell, reference sheet names typed in a control cell, handle sheet names with spaces, understand volatility and closed-workbook limits, and choose Tables or named ranges when better.