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HTTP Strict Transport Security HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) header to ensure all communication from a browser is sent over HTTPS (HTTP Secure). This prevents HTTPS click-through prompts and redirects HTTP requests to HTTPS. As the name suggests, HSTS is a mechanism that forces browsers to use a secure web connection. In fact, we can […]

X-Frame-Options The X-Frame-Options Header is a security header suggested by Microsoft to avoid the UI Redressing attacks that began with Clickjacking in 2009. It’s supported by all major browsers. UI Redressing attacks are based on loading web pages inside an iframe and overlaying them with other UI elements. There are various types of UI Redressing,

X-Content-Type-Options This HTTP header is typically used to control the MIME Type Sniffing function in web browsers. MIME Type Sniffing is a content evaluation function used by browsers when the content type is not specified. Basically, if the Content-Type header is blank or missing, the browser ‘sniffs’ the content and attempts to display the source in the

Content Security Policy Introduced in November 2012, Content Security Policy presents an extra layer of security against multiple vulnerabilities such as XSS, Clickjacking, Protocol Downgrading and Frame Injection. It appears that CSP will become the most significant tool for client side security in the near future, since it provides a substitute for security headers, such

X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies Using Adobe products like PDF, Flash, etc.? You can implement this header to instruct the browser on how to handle the requests over a cross-domain. By implementing this header, you restrict loading your site’s assets from other domains to avoid resource abuse. There are a few options available. Value Description none no policy is

Referrer-Policy Referer is a request header that is confusing on multiple levels. First of all ‘referer’ is misspelt. (The correct spelling is ‘referrer’.) Even though this is an amusing fun fact, it also shows just how hard it is to even correct a simple mistake such as a missing ‘r’ in an HTTP header field.

Expect-CT The header that will eventually replace HPKP is called Expect-CT. Even though HPKP was a useful security feature, it by far wasn’t the only way to detect certificates issued by rogue CAs or to prevent them from doing so. With security mechanisms such as Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA) and Certificate Transparency, we can still be notified of

Permissions-Policy Earlier known as Feature-Policy, it is renamed as Permissions-Policy with enhanced features. You can check out this to understand the big changes between Feature-Policy to Permissions-Policy. With Permissions Policy, you can control browser features such as geolocation, fullscreen, speaker, USB, autoplay, speaker, microphone, payment, battery status, etc. to enable or disable within a web application. By

Clear Site Data As you may guess by the name, implementing a Clear-Site-Data header is a great way to tell a client to clear browsing data such as cache, storage, cookies, or everything. This gives you more control over how you want to store the website’s data in the browser. Apache Let’s say you want